[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"menus-public":3,"blog-10018":83,"blog-10018-comments":92},[4,15,43,66],{"id":5,"title":6,"link":7,"icon":8,"target":9,"sort_order":10,"is_active":11,"parent_id":12,"created_at":13,"children":14},10001,"首页","\u002F","","_blank",0,true,null,"2026-04-04T12:03:45",[],{"id":16,"title":17,"link":18,"icon":8,"target":19,"sort_order":20,"is_active":11,"parent_id":12,"created_at":21,"children":22},10038,"墨言博客","\u002Fblog","_self",1,"2026-10-30T23:08:14",[23,29,36],{"id":24,"title":25,"link":26,"icon":8,"target":19,"sort_order":20,"is_active":11,"parent_id":16,"created_at":27,"children":28},10039,"技术前沿","\u002Fblog?category=10001","2026-10-30T23:10:46",[],{"id":30,"title":31,"link":32,"icon":8,"target":19,"sort_order":33,"is_active":11,"parent_id":16,"created_at":34,"children":35},10042,"生活随笔","\u002Fblog?category=20007",2,"2026-10-30T23:55:19",[],{"id":37,"title":38,"link":39,"icon":8,"target":19,"sort_order":40,"is_active":11,"parent_id":16,"created_at":41,"children":42},10043,"旅游日记","\u002Fblog?category=20006",3,"2026-10-31T00:00:11",[],{"id":33,"title":44,"link":45,"icon":8,"target":19,"sort_order":33,"is_active":11,"parent_id":12,"created_at":46,"children":47},"新闻中心","\u002Fnews","2026-10-24T19:09:40",[48,54,60],{"id":49,"title":50,"link":51,"icon":8,"target":19,"sort_order":20,"is_active":11,"parent_id":33,"created_at":52,"children":53},10046,"产品动态","\u002Fnews?category=20010","2026-10-31T00:17:38",[],{"id":55,"title":56,"link":57,"icon":8,"target":19,"sort_order":33,"is_active":11,"parent_id":33,"created_at":58,"children":59},10047,"新闻热点","\u002Fnews?category=20009","2026-10-31T00:17:55",[],{"id":61,"title":62,"link":63,"icon":8,"target":19,"sort_order":40,"is_active":11,"parent_id":33,"created_at":64,"children":65},10045,"公司动态","\u002Fnews?category=20008","2026-10-31T00:17:11",[],{"id":67,"title":68,"link":69,"icon":8,"target":19,"sort_order":67,"is_active":11,"parent_id":12,"created_at":46,"children":70},4,"精彩视频","\u002Fvideo",[71,77],{"id":72,"title":73,"link":74,"icon":8,"target":19,"sort_order":10,"is_active":11,"parent_id":67,"created_at":75,"children":76},13,"活动记录","\u002Fvideo?category=6","2026-10-25T21:04:39",[],{"id":78,"title":79,"link":80,"icon":8,"target":19,"sort_order":20,"is_active":11,"parent_id":67,"created_at":81,"children":82},11,"产品展示","\u002Fvideo?category=5","2026-10-25T21:02:59",[],{"id":84,"category_id":5,"title":85,"author":8,"summary":86,"cover":87,"content":88,"tags":8,"seo_title":8,"seo_description":8,"seo_keywords":8,"og_image":8,"views":89,"comment_count":10,"is_top":90,"is_published":11,"created_at":91},10018,"nvm安装及用法","nvm（Node Version Manager）是目前最流行的 Node.js 版本管理工具","\u002Fstatic\u002Fuploads\u002Fblogs\u002F1792072081679-723744738.webp","# NVM 安装及用法\n\n> NVM（Node Version Manager）是一个用于管理多个 Node.js 版本的命令行工具，允许你在同一台机器上安装、切换不同版本的 Node.js。\n\n---\n\n## 一、安装\n\n### 1. macOS \u002F Linux\n\n#### 方式一：官方安装脚本（推荐）\n\n```bash\ncurl -o- https:\u002F\u002Fraw.githubusercontent.com\u002Fnvm-sh\u002Fnvm\u002Fv0.39.7\u002Finstall.sh | bash\n```\n\n或使用 wget：\n\n```bash\nwget -qO- https:\u002F\u002Fraw.githubusercontent.com\u002Fnvm-sh\u002Fnvm\u002Fv0.39.7\u002Finstall.sh | bash\n```\n\n安装脚本会自动克隆 nvm 仓库到 `~\u002F.nvm`，并将初始化代码追加到 shell 配置文件（`~\u002F.bashrc`、`~\u002F.zshrc`、`~\u002F.profile` 等）。\n\n#### 方式二：手动安装（适用于内网或无外网环境）\n\n```bash\ngit clone https:\u002F\u002Fgithub.com\u002Fnvm-sh\u002Fnvm.git ~\u002F.nvm\ncd ~\u002F.nvm\ngit checkout v0.39.7\n```\n\n然后将以下内容追加到 `~\u002F.bashrc` 或 `~\u002F.zshrc`：\n\n```bash\nexport NVM_DIR=\"$HOME\u002F.nvm\"\n[ -s \"$NVM_DIR\u002Fnvm.sh\" ] && \\. \"$NVM_DIR\u002Fnvm.sh\"\n[ -s \"$NVM_DIR\u002Fbash_completion\" ] && \\. \"$NVM_DIR\u002Fbash_completion\"\n```\n\n使配置生效：\n\n```bash\nsource ~\u002F.bashrc\n# 或\nsource ~\u002F.zshrc\n```\n\n#### 验证安装\n\n```bash\nnvm --version\n```\n\n### 2. Windows\n\nWindows 下不能直接使用上述脚本，需使用专门的 Windows 版本：[nvm-windows](https:\u002F\u002Fgithub.com\u002Fcoreybutler\u002Fnvm-windows)。\n\n#### 方式一：安装程序\n\n1. 前往 [Releases 页面](https:\u002F\u002Fgithub.com\u002Fcoreybutler\u002Fnvm-windows\u002Freleases) 下载 `nvm-setup.exe`。\n2. 双击运行，按提示完成安装。\n3. 安装完成后打开新的命令行窗口（CMD 或 PowerShell）。\n\n#### 方式二：手动安装（免安装版）\n\n1. 下载 `nvm-noinstall.zip` 并解压到目标目录（如 `C:\\nvm`）。\n2. 配置环境变量：\n   - `NVM_HOME` = `C:\\nvm`\n   - `NVM_SYMLINK` = `C:\\Program Files\\nodejs`\n   - 将 `%NVM_HOME%` 添加到 `Path`。\n3. 在 nvm 目录下创建 `settings.txt`：\n\n```text\nroot: C:\\nvm\npath: C:\\Program Files\\nodejs\narch: 64\nproxy: none\n```\n\n#### 配置国内镜像源（可选，加速下载）\n\n修改 `settings.txt`：\n\n```text\nnode_mirror: https:\u002F\u002Fnpmmirror.com\u002Fmirrors\u002Fnode\u002F\nnpm_mirror: https:\u002F\u002Fnpmmirror.com\u002Fmirrors\u002Fnpm\u002F\n```\n\n#### 验证安装\n\n```bash\nnvm version\n```\n\n---\n\n## 二、镜像源配置（加速下载）\n\n由于 nvm 默认从 Node.js 官方源（`https:\u002F\u002Fnodejs.org\u002Fdist\u002F`）下载 Node.js，国内访问速度较慢，建议配置国内镜像源。\n\n### 1. macOS \u002F Linux\n\n通过环境变量 `NVM_NODEJS_ORG_MIRROR` 指定 Node.js 下载源。\n\n#### 方式一：临时生效（当前会话）\n\n```bash\nexport NVM_NODEJS_ORG_MIRROR=https:\u002F\u002Fnpmmirror.com\u002Fmirrors\u002Fnode\n```\n\n#### 方式二：永久生效（写入 shell 配置）\n\n将以下内容追加到 `~\u002F.bashrc` 或 `~\u002F.zshrc`：\n\n```bash\n# 使用淘宝（淘宝\u002F阿里）镜像源\nexport NVM_NODEJS_ORG_MIRROR=https:\u002F\u002Fnpmmirror.com\u002Fmirrors\u002Fnode\n```\n\n使配置生效：\n\n```bash\nsource ~\u002F.bashrc\n# 或\nsource ~\u002F.zshrc\n```\n\n#### 可选镜像源\n\n| 镜像源 | 地址 |\n|--------|------|\n| 淘宝 \u002F 阿里（推荐） | `https:\u002F\u002Fnpmmirror.com\u002Fmirrors\u002Fnode` |\n| 腾讯云 | `https:\u002F\u002Fmirrors.cloud.tencent.com\u002Fnodejs-release` |\n| 华为云 | `https:\u002F\u002Fmirrors.huaweicloud.com\u002Fnodejs` |\n| 官方源（默认） | `https:\u002F\u002Fnodejs.org\u002Fdist` |\n\n#### 验证镜像源是否生效\n\n```bash\n# 查看环境变量\necho $NVM_NODEJS_ORG_MIRROR\n\n# 安装时观察下载地址是否指向镜像\nnvm install 20.11.0\n```\n\n### 2. Windows\n\nnvm-windows 通过 `settings.txt` 配置镜像源。打开 nvm 安装目录下的 `settings.txt`，添加或修改以下字段：\n\n```text\nroot: C:\\nvm\npath: C:\\Program Files\\nodejs\narch: 64\nproxy: none\n\nnode_mirror: https:\u002F\u002Fnpmmirror.com\u002Fmirrors\u002Fnode\u002F\nnpm_mirror: https:\u002F\u002Fnpmmirror.com\u002Fmirrors\u002Fnpm\u002F\n```\n\n说明：\n- `node_mirror`：Node.js 二进制文件下载源。\n- `npm_mirror`：npm 安装包下载源。\n- 修改后无需重启，直接执行 `nvm install` 即可使用新源。\n\n### 3. 顺带配置 npm 镜像源（可选）\n\n切换 Node.js 版本后，npm 默认仍使用官方源，建议一并配置：\n\n```bash\n# 设置淘宝镜像源\nnpm config set registry https:\u002F\u002Fregistry.npmmirror.com\n\n# 验证\nnpm config get registry\n```\n\n如需恢复官方源：\n\n```bash\nnpm config set registry https:\u002F\u002Fregistry.npmjs.org\n```\n\n---\n\n## 三、常用命令\n\n### 1. 安装 Node.js\n\n```bash\n# 安装最新版本\nnvm install latest\n\n# 安装指定版本\nnvm install 20.11.0\n\n# 安装最新的 LTS（长期支持）版本\nnvm install --lts\n\n# 安装指定大版本的最新小版本\nnvm install 20\n```\n\n### 2. 卸载 Node.js\n\n```bash\nnvm uninstall 20.11.0\n```\n\n### 3. 切换 Node.js 版本\n\n```bash\nnvm use 20.11.0\n\n# 使用最新 LTS\nnvm use --lts\n```\n\n### 4. 查看已安装版本\n\n```bash\nnvm ls\n# 或\nnvm list\n```\n\n### 5. 查看所有可用版本（远程）\n\n```bash\nnvm ls-remote\n# 或仅查看 LTS\nnvm ls-remote --lts\n```\n\n### 6. 查看当前使用版本\n\n```bash\nnvm current\n# 或\nnode -v\n```\n\n### 7. 设置默认版本\n\n```bash\nnvm alias default 20.11.0\n```\n\n### 8. 别名管理\n\n```bash\n# 查看所有别名\nnvm alias\n\n# 设置别名\nnvm alias my-project 20.11.0\n\n# 使用别名\nnvm use my-project\n\n# 删除别名\nnvm unalias my-project\n```\n\n### 9. 在指定版本下运行命令\n\n```bash\nnvm exec 20.11.0 node app.js\nnvm run 20.11.0 node app.js\n```\n\n### 10. 清理缓存\n\n```bash\nnvm cache clear\n```\n\n---\n\n## 四、项目级版本管理（.nvmrc）\n\n在项目根目录创建 `.nvmrc` 文件，内容为所需的 Node.js 版本号：\n\n```text\n20.11.0\n```\n\n然后在项目目录下执行：\n\n```bash\nnvm use\n```\n\nnvm 会自动读取 `.nvmrc` 并切换到对应版本。\n\n---\n\n## 五、常见问题\n\n### 1. `nvm: command not found`\n\n- 检查 shell 配置文件是否包含 nvm 初始化代码。\n- 执行 `source ~\u002F.bashrc` 或重启终端。\n\n### 2. 切换版本后 `npm` 不可用\n\n- 卸载该版本后重新安装：`nvm uninstall \u003Cversion> && nvm install \u003Cversion>`。\n- 各版本之间的全局 npm 包相互独立，切换后需重新安装全局包。\n\n### 3. Windows 下 `nvm use` 报错\n\n- 需以管理员身份运行 CMD\u002FPowerShell。\n- 检查 `NVM_HOME` 和 `NVM_SYMLINK` 环境变量配置是否正确。\n\n### 4. 全局包在版本切换后丢失\n\n- nvm 中每个 Node 版本的全局包目录相互隔离。\n- 可使用 `nvm reinstall-packages \u003Cfrom-version>` 把某版本的全局包迁移到当前版本：\n\n```bash\nnvm install 20.11.0\nnvm reinstall-packages 18.19.0\n```\n\n---\n\n## 六、命令速查表\n\n| 命令 | 说明 |\n|------|------|\n| `nvm install \u003Cversion>` | 安装指定版本 |\n| `nvm install latest` | 安装最新版本 |\n| `nvm install --lts` | 安装最新 LTS 版本 |\n| `nvm uninstall \u003Cversion>` | 卸载指定版本 |\n| `nvm use \u003Cversion>` | 切换到指定版本 |\n| `nvm ls` \u002F `nvm list` | 查看已安装版本 |\n| `nvm ls-remote` | 查看远程可用版本 |\n| `nvm current` | 查看当前使用版本 |\n| `nvm alias default \u003Cversion>` | 设置默认版本 |\n| `nvm alias \u003Cname> \u003Cversion>` | 设置别名 |\n| `nvm unalias \u003Cname>` | 删除别名 |\n| `nvm exec \u003Cversion> \u003Ccmd>` | 在指定版本下执行命令 |\n| `nvm run \u003Cversion> \u003Ccmd>` | 在指定版本下运行命令 |\n| `nvm reinstall-packages \u003Cversion>` | 迁移全局包 |\n| `nvm cache clear` | 清理缓存 |\n\n---\n\n## 七、参考链接\n\n- 官方仓库（macOS\u002FLinux）：https:\u002F\u002Fgithub.com\u002Fnvm-sh\u002Fnvm\n- Windows 版本：https:\u002F\u002Fgithub.com\u002Fcoreybutler\u002Fnvm-windows\n- Node.js 官网：https:\u002F\u002Fnodejs.org\n- npm 镜像站：https:\u002F\u002Fnpmmirror.com",41,false,"2026-10-08T19:55:13",{"list":93,"total":10,"page":20,"size":94},[],30]